New CDC surveillance data show encouraging declines in several sexually transmitted infections—but a troubling increase in syphilis among newborns. In this episode, the Director of the Division of STD Prevention at the National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Dr. Bradley Stoner breaks down the key takeaways from the 2024 provisional STI surveillance report, including declines in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and primary and secondary syphilis, alongside the continued rise in congenital syphilis. The conversation explores what’s driving progress, the prevention strategies showing impact, and where urgent action is still needed. Dr. Stoner also discusses how states and local health departments can use provisional data to guide interventions, expand screening and treatment, and prepare for improved data access through CDC’s new One CDC Data Platform.


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This is Public Health Review
Morning Edition for Monday,

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January 26th, 2026.
I'm John Chan with news from the

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Association of State and
Territorial Health Officials.

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Today we discussed new CDC
surveillance data that shows

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encouraging declines in several
sexually transmitted infections,

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though a troubling increase in
syphilis among newborns.

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As we continue our legislative
prospectus series examining the

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public health policy trends set
to shape 2026, our guest is the

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Director of the Division of STD
Prevention at the National

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Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis,
STD and TB Prevention.

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Doctor Bradley Stoner.
Doctor Bradley.

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Stoner welcome.
To the show.

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Thank you very much.
Glad to be here.

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Doctor Stoner What are the big
takeaways from the 2024 STI

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surveillance data?
Well, the report shows that last

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year in 2024, syphilis and
newborns increased for the 12th

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year in a row in the United
States, with nearly 4000 cases

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of newborn syphilis reported to
the CDC.

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Now, this was a 2% increase
relative to the previous year

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compared to double digit
increases in some recent years.

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So there is evidence of a
slowing of this increase, but

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still 2024 cases were nearly
700% higher than 10 years ago.

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So there's a long way to go to
address this deadly but

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preventable consequence of the
ongoing syphilis epidemic.

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Now, the report also shows that
overall, the STI burden remains

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substantial in the United
States, but there are signs of

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progress that hopefully will
continue.

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The latest data show that more
than 2.2 million STI's were

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reported in 2024, and this is a
9% decline from 2023.

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Moreover, primary and secondary
syphilis cases, which are the

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most infectious stages of
syphilis, declined by nearly

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22%.
And this is the second year in a

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row of primary and secondary
syphilis declines.

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Chlamydia cases declined by 8%
also for second year in a row,

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and gonorrhea cases declined by
nearly 10%.

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And this is the third year in a
row we've seen gonorrhea

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declines.
So there is room for optimism,

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but we cannot take our eye off
the goal, which is slowing and

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reversing the STI epidemic
completely.

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Yeah, that.
Sounds there's a There's a mixed

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bag there.
How do you how do you parse

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this?
Well, we clearly think that the

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national declines are tangible
evidence of the important impact

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of public health efforts.
I consider this the prevention

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impact, the value of prevention
and the efforts that we're doing

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at the CDC and national level to
provide leadership for state and

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local health departments which
are doing the work on the

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ground.
This includes, first of all,

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work to increase awareness of
the SDI epidemic at the state

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and local level.
So publicizing St.

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IS as a public health problem
and creating prioritization of

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the need for STI prevention and
helping state and local health

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departments prioritize St.
IS through awareness.

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We also are working to expand
public health efforts to control

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St.
IS, which includes increased

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partner outreach and
notification efforts, increased

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awareness of clinical service
availability and expanded use of

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what we call expedited partner
therapy, which is the provision

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of treatment to patients to
provide to their partners

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without the need for a clinical
exam for those partners.

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So all of these things are tools
that we have to promote STI

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prevention.
And finally, I would point out

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that we're expanding efforts to
increase uptake of prevention

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innovations like self tests for
STI's, an increased use of doxy

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PEP, which is the provision of
doxycycline as post exposure

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prophylaxis to patients with an
STI to reinfection.

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So all of these are really
excellent approaches to STI's,

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but we really have to accelerate
our progress to stop the STI

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epidemic.
So although we're encouraged by

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the the data in the in the
report, in some cases, we really

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our goal is to is to capitalize
on these results and to ensure

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that the SDI epidemic comes
under control.

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Yeah, as you said, evidence is
slowing, but rates are still

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going up.
Yes.

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And I don't want to lose track
of the 4000, nearly 4000 cases

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of congenital syphilis because
this is a a major problem for us

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and something that we can do
something about.

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Is there a context within
demographic breakdowns?

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I mean, how, How else should we
think about this?

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Well, it's important to remember
that the 2024 surveillance

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report is provisional, which
means that the data have not

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been finalized.
And so we just don't have the

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data to say where in the country
population level specific

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differences are occurring.
We know that considering the

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surveillance data specifically,
there are the nearly 4000 cases

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of newborn syphilis, which I
talked about previously, which

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were reported to CDC in 2024.
And that beyond the surveillance

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data, we know that CD, that CDC
estimates one in five people in

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the United States has an STI.
And so the STI's affect the

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health of millions of Americans.
And while the STI epidemic

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touches nearly every community,
some geographic areas and

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populations may experience
increases or decreases not

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reflected by the newest 2024
national data.

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So we just can't make those
determinations yet.

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What's happening is that CDC is
migrating.

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It's a national Notifiable
Diseases Surveillance System, or

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NNDSS data, and it's processing
to a new platform called One CDC

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Data Platform or One CDP.
And because of this, CDC has

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postponed reconciliation and
publication of 2024 case

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surveillance data to allow state
and local health departments and

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CDC more time to onboard the one
CDP.

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So the final numbers may change
for 2024, but the overall trends

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are there and we just can't make
population level specific

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analysis at this time.
We just don't have those data.

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But we feel it's important to
release STI data in a timely way

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so that the 2024 provisional
report is essential because CDC

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and local and state STI programs
rely on these data to inform

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their ongoing STI pension
efforts.

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Sure, absolutely.
So with that in mind, how should

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local agencies start thinking
about how they should use these

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results to sort of drive their
interventions?

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It sounds like working towards
lowering infant syphilis is a

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big one.
Lowering infant syphilis is a

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big one, and we feel that the
importance of having and sharing

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updated data at the local level
for communities is critical, and

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CDC is committed to making this
easier.

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For example, health departments
can access county level syphilis

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data from our website to
identify counties with high

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rates of syphilis, and these
data can then be used to help

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notify physicians in these
counties to encourage more

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testing and coordinated
treatment.

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So this is important not just
for overall syphilis, but for

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maternal syphilis.
So identifying pregnant women

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with syphilis and providing
treatment to prevent syphilis

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and newborns.
Now I would say, John, that

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while the data indicate we may
be turning the corner in some

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respects, we must accelerate the
progress to stop the STI

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epidemic and its most tragic
consequences.

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We have excellent resources at
CDC, such as our updated program

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guidance for STI programs.
We call these the program

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Operation Considerations for STI
Prevention and also an updated

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outbreak tool kit known as the
STI Outbreak Preparedness and

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Response Toolkit.
These are valuable resources to

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assist state, tribal, local, and
territorial health departments

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in preparing for and responding
to sexually transmitted

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infection outbreaks.
And what can?

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States.
Sort of take away from the

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results in terms of again either
prioritizations or just sort of

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lessons learned from what's been
working, what hasn't been

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working.
Well, CDC is empowering States

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and communities to prioritize
STI control so that we can

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address the epidemic at federal,
state, and local levels.

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There are several areas that can
be prioritized to strengthen

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response to STI efforts and
jurisdictions, including, for

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example, enhanced screening and
treatment of pregnant women for

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syphilis and identifying
maternal syphilis cases and

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providing treatment before the
case is advanced.

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This is probably one of the most
important ways that we can work

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with state and local partners to
prevent congenital syphilis.

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We're also very excited about
expanded use of Doxy PEP for

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doxycycline as post exposure
prophylaxis in STI clinics and

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HIV care and prevention clinics
and this will help prevent

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recurrence of chlamydia as well
as syphilis in persons who are

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diagnosed with these infections.
I want to point out that we are

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paying very close attention to
antimicrobial resistance and

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gonorrhea.
So heightened awareness and

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response to antimicrobial
resistance for gonorrhea if and

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when it does occur in the US is
part of the CDC focus.

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We have a whole program which we
call cargoes combating

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antimicrobial resistant
gonorrhea and other STIs, which

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tracks gonorrhea resistance
nationally.

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So we're paying very close
attention to that.

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CDC is promoting expanded use of
new testing technologies such as

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self tests for syphilis that can
I get identify new cases in non

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clinical settings.
And state and territorial health

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departments can provide avenues
for community based

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organizations and other groups
to access point of care tests

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for syphilis.
And one test is now over the

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counter as well as point of care
tests for gonorrhea and

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chlamydia.
And finally, I would say

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reaching people more effectively
by offering STI testing and

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treatment in more settings where
people access care and services.

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Doctor Stoner, I'm wondering,
you mentioned the CDC is

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migrating its data to a new
platform.

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Do you have a sense of the road
map to completion and what the

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new platform can offer public
health?

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Officials.
Well, the new platform is called

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One CDC data Platform.
And my understanding is that the

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migration to this new platform
will occur in 2026.

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When that happens, we will be
able to finalize 2024 and 2025

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surveillance data.
There's a bit of a delay, but it

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will also allow greater access
to data across a variety of

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reportable conditions.
So the expectation is that the

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new platform will be more nimble
and more accessible to partners.

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So, so while this allows us at
this point, we're required to

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issue provisional data on St. is
we'll have a final STI

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surveillance report for 2024 and
2025 available in the coming

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year.
Yeah, more robust look, even

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though right now data is
somewhat rough at best.

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I think we don't think that the
overall trends will change, but

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the some of the specifics may
we, we have enough data to know

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that the overall case burden
will remain about the same, but

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some of the specifics at the
local level may change in terms

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of case numbers.
Doctor Bradley Stoner is the

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Director of the Division of STD
Prevention at the National

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Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis,
STD, and TB Prevention.

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He joined us as part of our
legislative prospectus series

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examining the policy trends set
to shape public health in 2026.

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Access to contraception is
changing and pharmacies are at

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the center of it.
With the FDA's approval of the

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first over the counter birth
control pill, more people can

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00:11:06,880 --> 00:11:10,400
now get contraception without a
doctor's visit, especially those

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00:11:10,400 --> 00:11:14,440
who are uninsured, live in rural
areas, or previously relied on

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00:11:14,440 --> 00:11:18,560
less effective methods.
Early research shows OTC access

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00:11:18,560 --> 00:11:21,920
is already closing gaps in care
by making contraception more

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00:11:21,920 --> 00:11:25,400
convenient and flexible.
But this promise comes at a time

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00:11:25,400 --> 00:11:29,240
when pharmacies themselves are
under strain, facing closures,

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00:11:29,240 --> 00:11:32,160
workforce shortages and even
insurance coverage that can

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drive up out of pocket costs.
Public health agencies have a

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critical role to play improving
reimbursement, supporting

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pharmacy capacity, expanding
retail and alternative

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distribution models, and
educating both consumers and

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providers.
Learn more at the link in the

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show notes.
Astos Organizational Strategic

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00:11:53,040 --> 00:11:56,360
Planning Guide provides health
agencies with an overview of the

216
00:11:56,360 --> 00:12:00,080
organizational strategic
planning process comprised of

217
00:12:00,080 --> 00:12:03,400
seven major phases that an
organization should complete on

218
00:12:03,400 --> 00:12:06,680
a recurring basis to adapt and
refine their plans over time.

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00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:10,320
This allows organizations to
remain responsible as their

220
00:12:10,320 --> 00:12:13,800
needs and goals evolve.
In addition, the guide reviews

221
00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:16,800
keys to success and highlights
tips for addressing common

222
00:12:16,800 --> 00:12:20,080
challenges for each phase.
It helps organizations better

223
00:12:20,080 --> 00:12:22,880
navigate uncertainties,
anticipate challenges and

224
00:12:22,880 --> 00:12:25,040
achieve success in their
strategic planning.

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Find a link in the show notes.
This has been Public Health

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review Morning edition.
I'm John Sheehan for the

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Association of State and
Territorial Health Officials.